Powertrain, generic (extended)

P2C54 Cylinder 2 Fuel Injector B Offset Learning At Min Limit

Check engine lightOn

EmissionsRelevant

Drive cycleRequired

Limp modeNo

P2C54 concerns injector B of cylinder 2 and the lower limit of its learned offset. Reaching the floor means the control had to keep cutting the opening time because the injector delivers too much, typically at the short pulses where dead time dominates. Plausible reasons are a seat that drips after closing, a replacement injector of a different flow class, or a rail pressure higher than the model assumes. Whether cylinder 2 sits on bank 1 or bank 2 depends on the numbering: in-line engines have one bank, GM V engines put even cylinders on bank 2, Ford V engines count cylinders 1 to 4 on bank 1. No maker documents P2C54 publicly, and Volvo's bulletin for this injector family lists only the Max code P2C55. The legal basis is CARB 1968.2 (e)(6.2.2).

Likely causes

Injector B of cylinder 2 leaking at the seat and adding fuel after closing

Replacement injector of a different flow rating or not matched to the engine software

Learned values or engine software not up to date (Volvo pairs an update with an adaptation reset for the related Max codes)

Supply pressure on this injector set higher than the model assumes (regulator)

Symptoms

Check engine light
Often nothing else noticeable
Long hot start or rough first seconds, possibly misfire on cylinder 2
Possibly fuel smell or higher consumption

Repair estimate

DifficultyMediumWorkshop job

Parts and labour€0–900

Time0.5–4 h

Typical range across vehicles; the real cost depends on what the testing finds.

Parts involved

fuel injector b cyl 2ecm

References: law.cornell.edu, patents.google.com, static.nhtsa.gov.